Sensible heating
Q = mcΔT
2.520e+4 J
← Topic 16
Thermodynamics toolkit
Predict each answer first, then change the inputs to test the equation.
Latent heat experiment
L = Pt/m
2.250e+6 J kg⁻¹
First law
Cambridge convention: ΔU = Q + W.
ΔU = 320 J
Sign checklist
Heating: Q positive. Cooling: Q negative. Compression: W positive. Expansion: W negative. For a complete cycle, ΔU = 0.